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Patch testing in Iranian children with allergic contact dermatitis.

Hossein Mortazavi1,2, Amirhooshang Ehsani1,2, Seyed Sajed Sajjadi2

  • 1Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi Dermatology Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

BMC Dermatology
|July 14, 2016
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Summary

Nickel sulfate and cobalt are common allergens causing allergic contact dermatitis in Iranian children. Females showed a higher prevalence of allergic reactions, with hands being the most affected site.

Keywords:
AdolescentAllergic contact dermatitisChildrenContact allergensPatch testing

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pediatric Allergy
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a prevalent skin condition affecting both children and adults.
  • Increasing incidence of ACD highlights the need for understanding specific allergen trends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sensitization patterns to common allergens in Iranian children diagnosed with contact dermatitis.
  • To identify the most frequent allergens causing ACD in pediatric populations within Iran.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of 109 patch tests conducted on pediatric patients (<18 years) using the European Standard Series.
  • Allergen application and evaluation were performed according to standard protocols at 48 and 72 hours post-application.

Main Results:

  • Nearly half (46.8%) of the participants showed positive reactions to at least one allergen.
  • Nickel sulfate (19.3%), cobalt (10.1%), methylisothiazolinone (6.4%), and colophony (5.5%) were the most common sensitizers.
  • Females exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of positive patch test reactions (p=0.031) and higher prevalence of nickel sulfate allergy.

Conclusions:

  • Nickel sulfate, cobalt, methylisothiazolinone, and colophony are key allergens implicated in pediatric ACD in Iran.
  • Gender appears to influence allergic sensitization, with females showing a greater tendency towards positive reactions.
  • The findings underscore the importance of identifying and managing common allergens in pediatric dermatology.