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CtaM Is Required for Menaquinol Oxidase aa3 Function in Staphylococcus aureus.

Neal D Hammer1, Lici A Schurig-Briccio2, Svetlana Y Gerdes3

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Staphylococcus aureus respiration involves two key oxidases, CydAB and QoxABCD. This study reveals QoxABCD

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Staphylococcus aureus causes significant infections, necessitating understanding of its metabolic flexibility.
  • A flexible metabolism, including a branched aerobic respiratory chain with multiple terminal oxidases, enables S. aureus to infect diverse host environments.
  • Previous studies identified two genes (cydAB and qoxABCD) encoding oxidases, yet biochemical data suggested a third.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the relationship between genetic findings and reported respiratory reductases in S. aureus.
  • To elucidate the function and composition of the QoxABCD terminal oxidase.
  • To identify novel proteins involved in staphylococcal respiration.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis of S. aureus.
  • Biochemical characterization of respiratory enzymes.
  • Heme cofactor determination for QoxABCD.
  • Identification and characterization of novel proteins.

Main Results:

  • QoxABCD functions as a promiscuous aa3-type menaquinol oxidase, capable of assembling as a bo3-type oxidase.
  • The bo3 form of QoxABCD restricts carbon sources for S. aureus growth.
  • A novel protein, CtaM, is identified as essential for QoxABCD function and conserved in aerobically respiring Firmicutes.
  • The heme A biosynthesis pathway in S. aureus is established.

Conclusions:

  • QoxABCD is a versatile menaquinol oxidase crucial for S. aureus virulence.
  • CtaM is a newly discovered protein vital for aa3-type menaquinol oxidase function across multiple bacterial genera.
  • These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of S. aureus respiration and its implications for infection.