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Related Concept Videos

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Blood Transfusion01:15

Blood Transfusion

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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
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Blood Typing01:10

Blood Typing

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Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target...
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Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

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Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
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Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

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Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Ex Situ Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Donor Livers
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Ex Situ Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Donor Livers

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Artifical Blood.

Y K Goorha1, Prabal Deb2, T Chatterjee3

  • 1Commandant, Armed Forces Medical Store Depot, Delhi Cantt - 110 010.

Medical Journal, Armed Forces India
|July 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blood substitutes like hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) and perfluorochemicals offer potential solutions to blood shortages and transfusion risks. Extensive clinical trials are underway to evaluate their safety and efficacy for patient use.

Keywords:
Blood substituteHaemoglobin solutionsPerfluorocarbons

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Area of Science:

  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Biotechnology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Modern transfusion medicine aims to eliminate transfusion-transmitted diseases (HIV, hepatitis) and leucocyte-mediated allosensitisation.
  • Global shortages and the high cost of collecting/storing human blood necessitate the development of blood substitutes.
  • Current red blood cell transfusions carry risks, driving research into alternative oxygen-carrying solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress and potential of blood substitutes in addressing limitations of traditional blood transfusions.
  • To discuss the two main research avenues: hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) and perfluorochemicals.
  • To highlight the potential clinical and non-clinical applications of these novel oxygen-carrying solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research in hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) and perfluorochemicals.
  • Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of these blood substitutes compared to red blood cells.
  • Examination of the ongoing clinical trials assessing safety and efficacy.

Main Results:

  • HBOCs and perfluorochemicals can reach tissues more readily than red blood cells and deliver oxygen directly.
  • These oxygen-carrying solutions are not without adverse effects, necessitating rigorous safety and efficacy testing.
  • Understanding their mechanisms of action is crucial for defining their clinical utility.

Conclusions:

  • Blood substitutes show promise in overcoming challenges in transfusion medicine, but require further validation.
  • Extensive clinical trials are essential to establish the safety and efficacy of HBOCs and perfluorochemicals.
  • Regulatory approval, such as by the FDA, will be required before widespread patient use.