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Related Concept Videos

Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

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A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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Related Experiment Video

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Acinetobacter spp as Nosocomial Pathogen : Clinical Significance and Antimicrobial Sensitivity.

K K Lahiri1, N S Mani2, S S Purai3

  • 1Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune - 411 040.

Medical Journal, Armed Forces India
|July 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Acinetobacter species are a growing cause of hospital-acquired infections, often resistant to common antibiotics. Further clinical correlation is needed to distinguish true pathogens from contaminants before prescribing treatment.

Keywords:
Acinetobacter sppAntibiotic resistanceNosocomial infection

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hospital Epidemiology

Background:

  • Acinetobacter species are Gram-negative coccobacilli increasingly implicated in nosocomial infections.
  • These opportunistic pathogens pose a significant challenge in healthcare settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Acinetobacter species in a tertiary care hospital.
  • To identify risk factors and sources of Acinetobacter infections within the hospital.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study over six months (Jan-Jun 2000) analyzing clinical isolates.
  • Identification of Acinetobacter species from various clinical specimens.
  • Antibiotic susceptibility testing against commonly used antimicrobial agents.

Main Results:

  • 152 (12.9%) Acinetobacter isolates were recovered from 1175 clinical specimens.
  • Most isolates (82.9%) originated from hospitalized patients, particularly in spinal cord injury centers and ICUs.
  • Significant antibiotic resistance was observed, with 69.2% of isolates resistant to two or more antibiotics; sensitivity noted for amikacin, augmentin, piperacillin, netilmicin, and cefotaxime.

Conclusions:

  • Acinetobacter species are a notable cause of nosocomial infections, with high rates of multidrug resistance.
  • Distinguishing true pathogenic isolates from commensal contaminants through clinical correlation is crucial for appropriate antibiotic therapy.