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Outbreak of Pneumococcal Pneumonia among Military Recruits

A Banerjee1, A T Kalghatgi2, G S Saiprasad3

  • 1DADH 101 Area, C/o 99 APO.

Medical Journal, Armed Forces India
|July 14, 2016
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Overcrowding in a military setting led to a pneumococcal pneumonia outbreak among young recruits. Preventive measures focusing on living conditions are crucial to mitigate such outbreaks.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Disease Control
  • Military Health

Background:

  • An outbreak of 31 pneumonia cases occurred in young military recruits at a South Indian hospital between March 4-21, 2002.
  • The investigation aimed to identify the cause and implement preventive strategies for future outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the etiological factors contributing to a pneumonia outbreak in military recruits.
  • To determine the role of environmental conditions and specific pathogens in the outbreak.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted epidemiological case-control study involving 31 pneumonia cases and 100 controls.
  • Reviewed medical records, laboratory results (sputum Gram stain, blood cultures), and chest radiographs.
  • Assessed living and environmental conditions at the military regimental center.

Main Results:

  • Overcrowding identified as a primary factor, with recruits in the outbreak group having significantly less space and higher use of double-decker beds.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae identified in 25.8% of cases via blood culture.
  • Chest X-rays confirmed lobar pneumonia consolidation in 67% of cases.

Conclusions:

  • The pneumonia outbreak was attributed to overcrowding, exacerbated by cold weather and stress.
  • Implementing improved living conditions and space standards is recommended for prevention.
Keywords:
Military recruitsOutbreakOvercrowdingPneumococcalPneumonia

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