Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Human Immunodificiency Virus Infection
M S Barthwal1, K E Rajan2, R B Deoskar3
1Classified Specialist(Medicine) MH Namkum.
Medical Journal, Armed Forces India
|July 14, 2016
Summary
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection commonly affects lymph nodes and spleen. This study investigated the clinical profile of HIV-positive individuals with TB outside the lungs.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
- Public Health
Background:
- Rising incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) observed following the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic.
- Need to understand the specific clinical presentation of extrapulmonary TB in HIV-infected individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the clinical profile of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in patients coinfected with HIV.
- To identify common sites and diagnostic methods for extrapulmonary TB in this population.
Main Methods:
- Study included 50 HIV-infected patients with extrapulmonary TB.
- Diagnostic workup involved clinical examination, sputum analysis, imaging (X-ray, USG, CT), and invasive procedures (FNAC, TBNA, pleural biopsy).
Main Results:
- All 50 cases were male, with a mean age of 35.
- Pulmonary TB was present in 52% of cases; 82% had disseminated disease.
- Lymph nodes (92%) and spleen (26%) were the most frequent extrapulmonary sites.
- Diagnosis confirmed by invasive methods in 60% of cases, with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) being highly effective (88%).
Conclusions:
- Lymph nodes are the most common extrapulmonary site in HIV-infected patients with TB.
- Spleen involvement is also frequent, highlighting the systemic nature of the disease in this cohort.
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