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Patch-use dynamics by a large herbivore.

Dana P Seidel1, Mark S Boyce1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elk (Cervus elaphus) exhibit directed movements to valuable foraging patches, returning to them regularly. This supports optimal foraging theory and influences home-range development in wild ungulates.

Keywords:
Foraging selectionHome-range developmentSite-fidelity

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Wildlife Management

Background:

  • Optimal foraging theory predicts herbivores use a deplete-depart-return foraging strategy.
  • Inter-patch movements and memory can shape home ranges in herbivores.
  • Understanding these movements is key to defining home-range dynamics in wild ungulates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate elk (Cervus elaphus) home-range movements based on optimal foraging theory.
  • To identify foraging patches and analyze return patterns in elk.
  • To determine environmental factors influencing patch revisitation frequency.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized GPS relocations of cow elk to identify foraging patches via a spatial temporal permutation scan statistic.
  • Analyzed return patterns to foraging patches during the 2012 growing season.
  • Employed negative binomial regression to assess environmental characteristics affecting patch return frequency.

Main Results:

  • Elk regularly returned to known foraging patches, with an average return interval of 15.4 (±5.4 SD) days.
  • Patches with less rugged terrain, greater distance from roads, and high productivity were revisited more frequently.
  • These findings indicate directed movements rather than diffusion processes.

Conclusions:

  • Elk demonstrate directed return movements to valuable foraging sites, supporting optimal foraging models.
  • These directed movements are integral to home-range development in wild ungulates.
  • The study provides evidence against simple diffusion models for animal movement within home ranges.