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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis
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Supercontinuum based absorption spectrometer for cycle-resolved multiparameter measurements in a rapid compression

Thomas Werblinski, Stefan Kleindienst, Rainer Engelbrecht

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    This study presents a new spectrometer for internal combustion engines, enabling cycle-resolved measurements of temperature, pressure, and water concentration. Accurate temperature determination is achieved, though pressure measurements show discrepancies at higher pressures.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Spectroscopy
    • Combustion Science

    Background:

    • Internal combustion engines require precise monitoring of internal conditions.
    • Existing methods for in-situ measurements are limited in speed and scope.
    • Supercontinuum (SC) spectroscopy offers potential for rapid, multiparameter analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a broadband SC-based absorption spectrometer for cycle-resolved measurements in internal combustion engines.
    • To extract temperature, pressure, and water mole fraction from H2O absorption spectra.
    • To assess the accuracy and limitations of the developed system.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a broadband supercontinuum source and a near-infrared line scan camera.
    • Performed measurements during the compression cycle of a rapid compression machine.
    • Employed a best-match algorithm comparing experimental spectra to theoretical models (BT2 and HITRAN2012).

    Main Results:

    • Achieved cycle-resolved measurements up to 50 kHz over a complete compression and expansion stroke.
    • Identified inaccuracies in theoretical models for spectral broadening at pressures > 20 bar, leading to pressure underestimation.
    • Demonstrated accurate temperature determination via a three-parameter fit (water mole fraction, temperature, pressure).

    Conclusions:

    • The developed SC spectrometer enables unprecedented high-speed, multiparameter measurements in IC engines.
    • Theoretical models require refinement for spectral broadening effects at high pressures.
    • Accurate temperature measurements are feasible, but pressure data requires careful interpretation or alternative methods.