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Related Concept Videos

Linear time-invariant Systems01:23

Linear time-invariant Systems

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A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be...
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Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

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Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
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Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

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Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
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Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

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Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Radial systems employ time-delay overcurrent relays to reduce load interruptions. When a fault occurs, the nearest breaker opens first, while upstream breakers remain closed due to longer delay settings. This approach ensures minimal disruption to the rest of the system.
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Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform
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Phase-retrieval-based attacks on linear-canonical-transform-based DRPE systems.

Changliang Guo, Inbarasan Muniraj, John T Sheridan

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study demonstrates successful ciphertext-only attacks on double-random-phase encryption (DRPE) systems using linear canonical transforms (LCT). Phase retrieval algorithms effectively break LCT-based DRPE, including special cases like Fourier and Fresnel transforms.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cryptography
    • Optical Information Processing
    • Image Security

    Background:

    • Double-Random-Phase Encryption (DRPE) is a widely used optical encryption technique.
    • Linear Canonical Transform (LCT) offers enhanced security features for DRPE systems.
    • Ciphertext-only attacks pose a significant threat to cryptographic systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the vulnerability of LCT-based DRPE systems to ciphertext-only attacks.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of phase retrieval algorithms in breaking LCT-DRPE.
    • To demonstrate the attack's applicability to various LCT-based DRPE configurations.

    Main Methods:

    • Application of hybrid input-output algorithm and error reduction algorithm.
    • Performing ciphertext-only attacks on LCT-based amplitude encoding DRPE.
    • Testing the attack on special cases: Fourier, fractional-Fourier, and Fresnel transform-based DRPE.

    Main Results:

    • Successful ciphertext-only attacks were demonstrated against LCT-based DRPE systems.
    • The proposed attack method proved effective for various LCT configurations.
    • Numerical simulations validated the efficacy of the phase retrieval algorithms for cryptanalysis.

    Conclusions:

    • LCT-based DRPE systems are susceptible to ciphertext-only attacks using phase retrieval algorithms.
    • The proposed cryptanalytic method provides a viable approach to break these encryption systems.
    • Further research is needed to develop more robust DRPE schemes.