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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

An Organotypic High Throughput System for Characterization of Drug Sensitivity of Primary Multiple Myeloma Cells
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Multiple myeloma: disease response assessment.

E Zamagni1, P Tacchetti1, C Terragna1

  • 1a 'Seràgnoli' Institute of Hematology , Bologna University School of Medicine , Bologna , Italy.

Expert Review of Hematology
|July 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Accurate monitoring of multiple myeloma (MM) treatment response is crucial. Advanced techniques like next-generation flow cytometry and sequencing for bone marrow assessment, and FDG PET/CT for extra-marrow evaluation, offer high sensitivity and standardization potential.

Keywords:
FDG PET/CTMinimal residual diseasemultiparameter flow cytometrynext generation sequencingprognosis

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Precise assessment of therapy response is vital throughout multiple myeloma (MM) treatment.
  • Monoclonal protein levels are established markers for clinical monitoring.
  • Various methods for minimal residual disease (MRD) evaluation exist, both within and outside the bone marrow (BM).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methods for assessing treatment response in multiple myeloma.
  • To highlight the most effective techniques for both intra- and extra-marrow evaluation.
  • To discuss the potential of emerging imaging modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and emerging techniques for MRD assessment in MM.
  • Evaluation of next-generation flow cytometry and sequencing for BM analysis.
  • Assessment of FDG PET/CT for extra-BM monitoring.
  • Consideration of functional whole-body MRI (DCE and DWI) techniques.

Main Results:

  • Next-generation flow cytometry and sequencing are highly sensitive and uniformly applicable for BM-level MRD assessment.
  • FDG PET/CT is the optimal imaging technique for evaluating and monitoring response outside the BM.
  • Functional whole-body MRI techniques show promise but require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Standardization of MRD assessment techniques is ongoing.
  • A combination of sensitive molecular techniques and advanced imaging is key for comprehensive MM response evaluation.
  • Continued research into novel imaging modalities will further refine therapeutic monitoring.