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    Area of Science:

    • Fiber optic sensing
    • Photonics
    • Distributed sensing systems

    Background:

    • Conventional Brillouin distributed fiber sensors suffer from systematic errors.
    • These errors stem from distortions in the pump pulse during frequency scanning.
    • Existing methods do not fully address non-local effects and pump pulse distortions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate systematic errors in Brillouin distributed fiber sensors caused by pump pulse distortions.
    • To propose and validate a novel scanning scheme to mitigate these errors.
    • To enhance the performance of long-range Brillouin fiber sensors.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental investigation of pump pulse distortions using standard Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers.
    • Theoretical analysis of the impact of probe sidebands on pump pulse gain and loss.
    • Development and experimental validation of a new scanning scheme with fixed probe sideband separation.

    Main Results:

    • Standard methods induce significant pump pulse distortions and spectral side-lobes, leading to strain/temperature errors.
    • The proposed scanning scheme achieves flat zero net gain on the pump pulse.
    • Non-local effects are completely canceled up to the onset of amplified spontaneous Brillouin scattering.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel scanning scheme effectively eliminates pump pulse distortions and associated errors.
    • This technique offers a one-order-of-magnitude improvement in the figure-of-merit for long-range sensors.
    • Enables 100 km sensing with 2 m resolution without additional performance-enhancing features.