Investigation of mid-infrared second harmonic generation in strained germanium waveguides

In this paper we present a detailed theoretical investigation of second harmonic generation in strained germanium waveguides operating at the mid infrared pump wavelength of 4 μm. The effective second order susceptibility has been estimated through a multiphysics approach considering the residual stress of the SiN_x cladding film. Furthermore, general physical features have been investigated by means of a comparative analysis of SHG performance as a function of input pump power, linear and nonlinear phase mismatching, effective recombination carrier lifetime, and temperature, taking into account both continuous and pulsed regimes. Finally, periodically poled germanium devices have been explored with the aim to improve the SHG efficiency. In the same operative conditions, efficiencies of 0.6% and 0.0018% have been obtained in poled and not-poled waveguides, respectively.