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Quantitative phase imaging of weakly scattering objects using partially coherent illumination.

Tan H Nguyen, Chris Edwards, Lynford L Goddard

    Optics Express
    |July 14, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study extends partially coherent quantitative phase imaging (pcQPI) to 3D, developing a model for thicker samples. The research clarifies how coherence, defocusing, and sample structure affect 3D imaging aberrations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Imaging
    • Microscopy
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) models often simplify samples as thin and well-focused.
    • Aberrations in partially coherent QPI (pcQPI) are not well understood for thicker, defocused samples.
    • Developing a robust 3D QPI model is crucial for advancing imaging techniques.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To extend 2D pcQPI theory to 3D imaging of weakly scattering samples.
    • To develop a mathematical framework for understanding aberrations in 3D pcQPI.
    • To connect imaging parameters like coherence and defocusing to sample structure and image artifacts.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the first-order Born approximation for theoretical modeling.
    • Derived a mathematical framework for quantitative phase image formation under partial coherence.
    • Validated the model through experimental comparisons.

    Main Results:

    • Established a clear link between the halo effect, phase underestimation, and defocusing in 3D pcQPI.
    • Demonstrated the influence of sample 3D structure on image formation.
    • Showed that microscope objective determines sectioning ability, while the condenser lens causes the halo effect.

    Conclusions:

    • The derived model accurately describes 3D pcQPI, including aberrations.
    • The study provides insights into controlling image quality by understanding the roles of optical components.
    • This work advances the theoretical understanding and practical application of 3D pcQPI for biological and material science.