Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

9.0K
The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
9.0K
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

603
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
603
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

3.6K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
3.6K
Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

6.0K
The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
6.0K
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

568
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
568
Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

4.6K
The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Drug Tests for Athletes-Pro and Con.

The Physician and sportsmedicine·2016
Same author

Coming in Sportsmedicine.

The Physician and sportsmedicine·2016
Same author

Irreducible lateral dislocation of the patella: a case report.

Orthopedics·2014
Same author

Patellofemoral syndrome: therapeutic regimen based on biomechanics.

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2011
Same author

Sports Medicine: What family physicians see and what they need to learn.

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2011
Same author

The effect of bicycling helmets in preventing significant bicycle-related injuries in children.

Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine·1996
Same journal

Injury surveillance during the 2024 under 20s Men's European Field Lacrosse Championships.

The Physician and sportsmedicine·2026
Same journal

Understanding health insurance and the delay in care for partial meniscectomies: a comparison between public and private coverage.

The Physician and sportsmedicine·2026
Same journal

Injury incidence and risk factors in youth American football versus soccer: a national emergency department analysis.

The Physician and sportsmedicine·2026
Same journal

Links between concussion history, hypertension, and hypertension contributing factors among adolescent football athletes.

The Physician and sportsmedicine·2026
Same journal

Core muscle endurance and balance as predictors of lateral ankle sprain in adolescent team-sport athletes: a prospective cohort study.

The Physician and sportsmedicine·2026
Same journal

Impact of Achilles tendon rupture on performance and career outcomes in NFL players: a matched cohort study.

The Physician and sportsmedicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Author Spotlight: Fu's Subcutaneous Needling for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain
07:19

Author Spotlight: Fu's Subcutaneous Needling for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain

Published on: March 24, 2023

6.3K

Patellalgia.

E C Percy, R T Strother

    The Physician and Sportsmedicine
    |July 14, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Patellofemoral pain in athletes often stems from alignment issues, not just trauma. Most cases improve with conservative treatment, with surgery reserved for persistent issues.

    More Related Videos

    Harvesting of Peroneus Longus Tendon Autograft
    04:03

    Harvesting of Peroneus Longus Tendon Autograft

    Published on: September 2, 2025

    2.0K
    The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation
    09:10

    The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

    Published on: July 22, 2019

    11.3K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 18, 2026

    Author Spotlight: Fu's Subcutaneous Needling for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain
    07:19

    Author Spotlight: Fu's Subcutaneous Needling for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain

    Published on: March 24, 2023

    6.3K
    Harvesting of Peroneus Longus Tendon Autograft
    04:03

    Harvesting of Peroneus Longus Tendon Autograft

    Published on: September 2, 2025

    2.0K
    The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation
    09:10

    The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

    Published on: July 22, 2019

    11.3K

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Sports Medicine
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Knee pain related to the patellofemoral joint is prevalent in athletes.
    • While direct trauma can cause knee pain, patellofemoral malalignment and tracking issues are frequently identified as primary sources.
    • Understanding the biomechanics of the patella is crucial for diagnosing and managing this condition.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the functional anatomy of the patella.
    • To describe diagnostic procedures for patellofemoral pain.
    • To outline recommended treatment strategies for athletes experiencing patellofemoral pain.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of functional anatomy of the patella.
    • Description of diagnostic techniques for patellofemoral issues.
    • Analysis of conservative and surgical treatment options.

    Main Results:

    • Conservative treatment yields improvement in most patients with patellofemoral pain.
    • Surgical interventions like proximal or distal realignment are options for non-responsive cases.
    • Patellectomy results in quadriceps weakness and is considered a last resort.

    Conclusions:

    • Patellofemoral pain in athletes frequently results from malalignment or tracking problems.
    • Conservative management is effective for the majority of athletes.
    • Surgical realignment should be considered for refractory cases, while patellectomy should be avoided due to functional deficits.