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Microresonator Brillouin laser stabilization using a microfabricated rubidium cell.

William Loh, Matthew T Hummon, Holly F Leopardi

    Optics Express
    |July 14, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    We stabilized a miniature stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) laser using rubidium atoms, achieving a frequency stability of 10-11. This robust, low-cost system offers potential for miniaturization and precise frequency control.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
    • Laser Science and Photonics
    • Metrology and Measurement Science

    Background:

    • Miniature lasers are crucial for portable and integrated photonic systems.
    • Frequency stabilization is essential for high-precision applications.
    • Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) lasers offer compact, tunable sources but often suffer from frequency drift.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a highly stable, miniature laser system by frequency-locking a stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) laser to a rubidium (Rb) atomic reference.
    • To demonstrate the robustness, low cost, and miniaturization potential of the developed laser system.
    • To characterize the frequency stability, noise, and phase noise performance of the stabilized laser system.

    Main Methods:

    • Frequency stabilization of a 1560 nm SBS laser output to the rubidium (Rb) atomic transition using a microfabricated cell.
    • Locking the second harmonic of the SBS laser to the Rb reference to reduce frequency drift.
    • Measurement of laser frequency noise and Allan deviation over various averaging times.
    • Optical division of the laser signal to generate a microwave RF signal and measurement of its phase noise.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a frequency stability at the 10-11 level over seven decades of averaging time (10-4 to 103 s).
    • Reduced the SBS laser's frequency drift by a factor of 103, from MHz to kHz over one hour.
    • Measured a frequency noise of 4 × 104 Hz2/Hz at 10 Hz offset, rolling off to 0.2 Hz2/Hz at 100 kHz offset.
    • Generated a 2 GHz RF signal with phase noise levels of -76 dBc/Hz at 10 Hz and -140 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed SBS laser system, stabilized by rubidium atoms, provides exceptional frequency stability and low phase noise.
    • The system's robustness, low cost, and potential for integration make it suitable for various precision measurement and communication applications.
    • This work paves the way for miniaturized, high-performance atomic clocks and frequency standards.