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This study presents a novel square dielectric waveguide designed for single-mode operation across a wide frequency range. The fabricated waveguide successfully supports simultaneous TE and TM mode propagation, matching simulation predictions.

Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Waveguide Technology
Materials Science

Background:

Dielectric waveguides are crucial components in optical and millimeter-wave systems.
Achieving single-mode operation over broad frequency ranges with specific geometries presents design challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To design, simulate, fabricate, and characterize a novel holey cladding dielectric waveguide with a square cross-section.
To ensure single-mode operation from 180 GHz to 360 GHz and robust simultaneous TE/TM mode propagation.

Main Methods:

Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations were used for waveguide design and performance prediction.
A square fiber geometry was achieved through controlled thermal pulling in a specifically designed furnace.
Vector network analysis with a pinhole receiver module was employed for mode profile characterization.

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Main Results:

The waveguide was successfully fabricated with a square cross-section.
Simulations confirmed single-mode operation across the 180-360 GHz frequency range.
Experimental characterization showed good agreement between measured and simulated mode profiles, validating the design.

Conclusions:

The developed square dielectric waveguide meets the design specifications for single-mode operation and dual-mode propagation.
This work demonstrates a viable method for fabricating square cross-section waveguides for high-frequency applications.