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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

33.3K
Overview
33.3K
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

118
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
118
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

96
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
96
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

1.6K
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
1.6K
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

89
Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
89
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

104
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
104

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Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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Anaphylaxis to IVIG.

Sharon Julie Williams1, Sudhir Gupta2

  • 1Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. swillia3@uci.edu.

Archivum Immunologiae Et Therapiae Experimentalis
|July 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anaphylaxis can occur in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). This review examines 23 case reports, analyzing factors contributing to these reactions and potential desensitization strategies.

Keywords:
AnaphylacticAnaphylaxisAutoantibodiesCVIDIVIGIgAIgEIgG

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Background:

  • Anaphylactic reactions are a known complication in some IgA-deficient patients receiving blood products.
  • Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) have also experienced anaphylaxis, despite impaired vaccine responses but retained autoantibody production.
  • This highlights a specific risk associated with IVIG therapy in antibody immunodeficient individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review IgA antibodies, IgG- and IgE-mediated reactions in CVID and hypogammaglobulinemia patients.
  • To analyze anaphylaxis occurrences in antibody immunodeficient patients receiving IVIG.
  • To explore proposed mechanisms for desensitization and prevention of anaphylactic reactions during IVIG therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and assessment of 23 documented case reports of anaphylactic reactions in immunodeficient patients receiving IVIG since 1962.
  • Comparison of patient immunoglobulin levels, IgG and IgE anti-IgA antibodies, IVIG concentration, IgA content in IVIG, antibody detection methods, treatment duration, and subsequent tolerated treatments.

Main Results:

  • The study synthesizes data from 23 case reports detailing anaphylactic reactions in immunodeficient patients undergoing IVIG therapy.
  • Analysis includes a comparative assessment of various clinical and laboratory parameters associated with these reactions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the mechanisms behind anaphylaxis in IVIG-treated patients is crucial for developing effective prevention and desensitization strategies.
  • Further research into IgG and IgE anti-IgA antibodies may elucidate the specific triggers for anaphylaxis in this patient population.