Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
06:07

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Published on: October 6, 2022

3.0K

The Need for Pediatric Formulations to Treat Children with HIV

Adrienne F Schlatter1, Andrew R Deathe1, Rachel C Vreeman1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret 30100, Kenya.

AIDS Research and Treatment
|July 15, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is vital for children with HIV. Poor palatability and large pill burdens hinder treatment, necessitating innovative pediatric formulations for better HIV management.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Pharmacology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Over 3.2 million children globally live with HIV, yet only 24% access antiretroviral therapy (ART).
  • ART adherence is critical for managing pediatric HIV and improving long-term health outcomes.
  • Current pediatric ART formulations present significant adherence challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review formulation- and regimen-specific barriers to ART adherence in children.
  • To highlight the need for novel pediatric antiretroviral therapy formulations.
  • To present arguments for and against developing pediatric HIV medications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric ART formulations and adherence barriers.
  • Analysis of current research in pediatric ART formulation development.
  • Synopsis of data on pediatric ART adherence challenges.

Main Results:

  • Key barriers include poor palatability, large pill burden, frequent dosing, and complex drug storage.
  • Innovative formulations are essential to overcome these adherence obstacles.
  • Recent advances show promise in developing more child-friendly ART options.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing formulation and regimen barriers is crucial for improving pediatric ART adherence.
  • Investment in pediatric HIV medication development is supported by the need for better adherence.
  • Further research and development of innovative pediatric ART formulations are urgently required.

More Related Videos

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs18:46

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs

Published on: December 9, 2010

13.8K
Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models09:54

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

10.8K

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
360
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
692
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
423
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
645
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
313
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
50.3K