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Related Concept Videos

Cold Weather Concreting01:27

Cold Weather Concreting

421
When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
To counteract the negative impacts of cold weather, ensuring...
421
Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions01:21

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions

371
In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
Other key practices include keeping masonry units...
371
Frost Action on Concrete01:27

Frost Action on Concrete

518
Concrete structures in cold climates, such as those along roadsides, can retain moisture. This moisture makes them susceptible to frost-related damage when temperatures fall below freezing. Adding moisture worsens the damage during temperature fluctuations, leading to repeated freezing and thawing. De-icing salts, spread over these structures to melt ice, add to the freeze-thaw cycle, and draw even more moisture into the concrete.
This freeze-thaw cycle primarily causes surface scaling, where...
518
Frost Resistant Concrete01:29

Frost Resistant Concrete

477
Concrete's susceptibility to frost damage during freeze-thaw cycles demands strategic measures to enhance its frost resistance. Employing techniques like air entrainment, adjusting the water-cement ratio, proper curing, and selecting appropriate aggregates are essential.
Introducing microscopic air bubbles into the concrete mix through air entrainment creates small voids that accommodate ice expansion, thereby reducing internal pressures and preventing cracking. The optimal amount of...
477
Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

34.8K
Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
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Out in the cold.

Daloni Carlisle

    Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)
    |July 15, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    District nurses provide vital care in rural areas, overcoming extreme weather to deliver essential medication like insulin. This highlights the critical role of community nursing in patient health outcomes.

    Area of Science:

    • Nursing
    • Rural Health
    • Community Health

    Background:

    • District nursing involves extensive travel to provide patient care.
    • Rural settings present unique challenges for healthcare delivery.
    • Patient adherence to treatment, such as insulin therapy, is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To illustrate the dedication and challenges faced by district nurses.
    • To emphasize the importance of timely medication delivery in remote areas.
    • To highlight the impact of environmental factors on healthcare access.

    Main Methods:

    • Qualitative narrative from a district nurse's experience.
    • Case study focusing on a specific patient interaction.
    • Descriptive account of challenging weather conditions.

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    Main Results:

    • Successful delivery of insulin to a diabetic patient during severe weather.
    • Prevention of a critical health crisis for an elderly patient.
    • Demonstration of nurse's commitment beyond standard working conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • District nurses play a critical role in ensuring patient safety and treatment continuity.
    • Access to medication in rural areas can be severely impacted by environmental conditions.
    • The commitment of healthcare professionals is essential for vulnerable patient populations.