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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
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Ticks Take Cues from Mammalian Interferon.

Aravinda M de Silva1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

Cell Host & Microbe
|July 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian interferon gamma activates tick antimicrobial defenses, suggesting arthropods possess a similar immune system. This finding expands our understanding of innate immunity across diverse species.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Invertebrate biology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Interferons are key antiviral and immune-modulating proteins primarily known in vertebrates.
  • Their role in invertebrates, particularly arthropods, remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of mammalian interferon gamma in arthropods.
  • To determine if interferon gamma can elicit an antimicrobial response in ticks.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of ticks to mammalian interferon gamma.
  • Analysis of antimicrobial gene expression and activity in tick tissues.
  • Assessment of tick survival and pathogen load.

Main Results:

  • Mammalian interferon gamma significantly activated antimicrobial pathways in ticks.

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  • Specific antimicrobial genes were upregulated in response to interferon gamma.
  • Ticks treated with interferon gamma showed enhanced resistance to microbial infection.

    • Conclusions:

    • Mammalian interferon gamma can induce an innate immune response in ticks.
    • Arthropods may possess an endogenous interferon-like system for defense.
    • This research bridges the understanding of immune mechanisms between vertebrates and invertebrates.