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Related Concept Videos

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
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Ultrasonography01:17

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Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

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The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in...
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X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population
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Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population

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Difficult-to-Detect Osseous Injuries.

E Bosch, M Pathria, D Resnick

    The Physician and Sportsmedicine
    |July 15, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) offers valuable insights into osseous injuries for active patients, detecting issues like stress fractures early. However, its high cost and motion sensitivity are drawbacks to consider.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic diagnostics
    • Medical imaging
    • Sports medicine

    Background:

    • Active patients frequently sustain osseous injuries.
    • Diagnostic imaging is crucial for timely and accurate diagnosis.
    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) presents unique advantages for evaluating bone injuries.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of MRI for osseous injuries in active patients.
    • To compare the benefits and limitations of MRI in this context.
    • To detail the MRI findings for specific fracture types.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of MRI benefits (early detection, resolution) and drawbacks (cost, motion sensitivity).
    • Detailed description of MRI appearances for various osseous injuries.
    • Focus on stress fractures, bone bruises, occult fractures, and osteochondral fractures.

    Main Results:

    • MRI demonstrates high diagnostic value for detecting osseous injuries in active individuals.
    • Excellent contrast and spatial resolution facilitate early injury detection.
    • High cost and susceptibility to patient motion are significant limitations.

    Conclusions:

    • MRI is a powerful tool for diagnosing osseous injuries in active patients.
    • Understanding MRI"s specific appearances aids in identifying stress fractures, bone bruises, and other occult injuries.
    • Clinical decisions should balance MRI's diagnostic strengths against its practical limitations.