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Field-induced superdiffusion and dynamical heterogeneity.

Giacomo Gradenigo1,2, Eric Bertin1,2, Giulio Biroli3,4

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Anomalous tracer transport in supercooled liquids arises from dynamical heterogeneity. Mobile and immobile probe groups explain superdiffusion and violations of the Stokes-Einstein relation.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Supercooled liquids exhibit complex dynamics, deviating from simple fluid behavior.
  • Dynamical heterogeneity, characterized by spatially varying dynamics, is a key feature of supercooled liquids.
  • Anomalous transport phenomena, such as violation of the Stokes-Einstein relation, are observed in these systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physical origin of anomalous tracer transport in supercooled liquids.
  • To demonstrate that anomalous transport is a manifestation of dynamical heterogeneity.
  • To analyze the Fredrickson-Andersen and Bertin-Bouchaud-Lequeux models.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of kinetically constrained models.
  • Analytical arguments to support simulation findings.
  • Analysis of tracer motion under an external pulling force (ε).

Main Results:

  • Identified a common origin for Stokes-Einstein relation violation and field-induced superdiffusion.
  • Demonstrated that tracer populations split into mobile and immobile groups.
  • Observed anomalous fluctuations (σ_x^2(t) ~ t^(3/2)) and non-Gaussian parameter decay (α_ε(t) ~ t^(-1/2)).

Conclusions:

  • Anomalous transport in supercooled liquids is intrinsically linked to dynamical heterogeneity.
  • The splitting of probes into mobile and immobile groups, along with dynamical correlations, drives the observed anomalous behaviors.
  • This mechanism is expected to be a general feature of supercooled liquid dynamics.