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  • 1School of Mathematics and Statistics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.

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We found that self-propelled particle flocks can be stabilized in fluid flows by balancing orientation alignment and acceleration anticipation. This finding offers insights into animal flocking and robotic systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics of complex systems
  • Fluid dynamics
  • Collective behavior

Background:

  • Self-propelled particle systems exhibit flocking behavior.
  • Vortical flows can disrupt flock coherence.
  • Understanding flock stability in dynamic environments is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the stability of self-propelled particle flocks within a Taylor-Green vortex.
  • To model particle alignment based on orientation and acceleration.
  • To identify conditions for flock stabilization under fluid forcing.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations of self-propelled particles in a steady vortical flow.
  • Modeling particle alignment with orientation and acceleration within a critical radius.
  • Analysis of flock order and particle distribution in different regimes.

Main Results:

  • Two regimes identified: expulsion from high vorticity (orientation dominant) and accumulation (anticipation dominant).
  • Flock order is reduced in both regimes.
  • A critical balance between orientation and anticipation can stabilize flocks against fluid forcing.

Conclusions:

  • A balanced alignment strategy can maintain flock order in the presence of fluid forcing.
  • This mechanism may explain animal flocking behavior.
  • Potential applications include autonomous drone and microswimmer design.