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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Bioengineered non-coding RNA agent (BERA) in action.

Zhijian Duan1, Ai-Ming Yu1

  • 1a Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine , Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento , CA , USA.

Bioengineered
|July 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bioengineering non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) using fermentation offers natural modifications for safer, effective gene regulation therapies. This approach contrasts with synthetic ncRNAs, addressing uncertainties in structure, activity, and toxicity for research and treatment.

Keywords:
bioengineeringcancermiRNAnon-coding RNAssiRNAtherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Therapeutics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), are crucial for gene regulation.
  • Synthetic ncRNAs are widely used, but artificial modifications raise concerns about their structure, activity, and toxicity.
  • Recombinant protein technology inspires bioengineering approaches for creating practical ncRNA agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current recombinant RNA platforms for producing ncRNA agents, including siRNAs and miRNAs.
  • To discuss the applications of bioengineered ncRNA agents in basic research and potential therapeutics.
  • To highlight fermentation-based approaches for producing biological ncRNA agents with natural modifications and proper folding.

Main Methods:

  • Summarization of existing recombinant RNA production platforms.
  • Analysis of fermentation-based approaches for ncRNA agent generation.
  • Review of applications for bioengineered ncRNA agents.

Main Results:

  • Fermentation-based production yields biological ncRNA agents with natural modifications and correct folding.
  • These agents are critical for proper ncRNA structure, function, and safety.
  • The article provides an overview of current platforms and their potential uses.

Conclusions:

  • Recombinant RNA platforms, particularly fermentation-based ones, offer a promising alternative to synthetic ncRNAs.
  • Bioengineered ncRNA agents hold potential for both fundamental research and therapeutic development.
  • This approach addresses safety and efficacy concerns associated with artificial modifications in ncRNAs.