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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

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Pathogen-induced ERF68 regulates hypersensitive cell death in tomato.

An-Chi Liu1, Chiu-Ping Cheng1,2

  • 1Graduate Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.

Molecular Plant Pathology
|July 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Tomato ERF68 acts as a transcriptional activator, enhancing plant defense against bacterial pathogens by modulating ethylene, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid pathways. Silencing ERF68 increases susceptibility, revealing its role in effector-triggered immunity and hypersensitive response.

Keywords:
ERFcell deathdefencediseasetomato

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Plant pathology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are crucial plant-specific transcription factors involved in various plant functions.
  • Most tomato ERFs remain uncharacterized, limiting our understanding of their roles in plant defense.
  • ERF68, a member of the tomato ERF-IX subgroup, was investigated for its function in plant immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the function of the uncharacterized tomato ERF-IX subgroup member, ERF68.
  • To investigate ERF68's role in plant defense responses against bacterial pathogens.
  • To identify ERF68 target genes and elucidate its regulatory mechanisms in immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression analysis upon treatment with pathogens, ethylene (ET), and salicylic acid (SA).
  • Subcellular localization of ERF68 using green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion.
  • Transactivation assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to determine ERF68's transcriptional activity and target genes.
  • Overexpression and silencing of ERF68 in tomato and tobacco to assess its function in plant immunity and disease resistance.

Main Results:

  • ERF68 expression is induced by bacterial pathogens, ET, and SA, and it localizes to the nucleus.
  • ERF68 functions as a transcriptional activator, binding to the GCC-box.
  • Overexpression of ERF68 induces spontaneous lesions and enhances defense-related gene expression (ET, SA, jasmonic acid (JA), hypersensitive response (HR)).
  • ERF68 silencing increases susceptibility to Xanthomonas spp., indicating its role in effector-triggered immunity (ETI).
  • ChIP-seq identified ERF68 target genes involved in cell death and disease defense.

Conclusions:

  • ERF68 plays a positive regulatory role in hypersensitive cell death and disease defense in plants.
  • ERF68 modulates multiple signaling pathways, including ET, SA, JA, and HR, contributing to plant immunity.
  • This study provides critical insights into the complex regulatory functions of ERFs in plant defense mechanisms.