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Therapeutic Modulation of Aortic Stiffness.

Ahmed Muzhir Hussein1, Ghazwan Shaaya, Rohit Arora

  • 11Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX; 2Captain James A. Lovell Hospital, North Chicago, IL; 3Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL; and 4Northern Illinois University.

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Aortic stiffness (AS), a predictor of cardiovascular disease, can be reduced through various non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments. Lifestyle changes and medications offer effective strategies for decreasing AS and improving cardiovascular health.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Vascular Physiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Aortic stiffness (AS) is a significant indicator of cardiovascular morbidity in humans.
  • Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of AS is crucial for developing effective interventions.
  • Current research highlights the need for comprehensive therapeutic strategies to manage AS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying aortic stiffness.
  • To survey diverse therapeutic modalities, both non-pharmacological and pharmacological, for reducing AS.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on interventions targeting AS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathophysiological mechanisms of AS.
  • Survey of non-pharmacological interventions including weight reduction, diet, exercise, music therapy, and CPAP.
  • Analysis of pharmacological interventions, including antihypertensives, CCBs, statins, and other drug classes.

Main Results:

  • Non-pharmacological interventions like weight loss, aerobic exercise, and CPAP show promise in decreasing AS.
  • Pharmacological agents, including antihypertensives (RAAS inhibitors, beta-blockers, CCBs), statins, and anti-diabetics, demonstrate efficacy in reducing AS.
  • Emerging therapies such as AGE cross-link breakers and endothelin-1 antagonists also exhibit potential for AS reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Aortic stiffness can be effectively managed through a combination of lifestyle modifications and pharmacological treatments.
  • Diverse therapeutic options exist, offering a multi-faceted approach to decreasing AS.
  • Further research into novel therapeutic targets may provide additional strategies for managing AS and preventing cardiovascular morbidity.