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India's Medico-Pharmaceutical Inheritance from the Colonial Period.

Harkishan Singh

    Pharmacy in History
    |July 16, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pharmacy development in India lagged during British colonial rule, with few qualified pharmacists and a drug distribution system focused on trade rather than profession. Significant reforms and dedicated efforts over fifty years have elevated the status of pharmacy practice in India.

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmaceutical Sciences
    • History of Pharmacy
    • Public Health Policy

    Background:

    • Pharmacy practice in India during the British colonial period was underdeveloped, characterized by a scarcity of qualified pharmacists and a lack of institutionalized pharmacy services.
    • Drug distribution was primarily managed by unqualified chemists and druggists, with the pharmaceutical industry in its nascent stages.

    Observation:

    • The colonial era left India with a weak pharmaceutical foundation, evidenced by a mere 75-100 qualified pharmacists and approximately 27,000 inadequately trained compounders.
    • Legislation such as the Drugs Rules 1945 was formulated but not effectively implemented, and pharmacy practice lacked professional oversight.
    • Limited educational infrastructure existed, with only three degree-awarding institutions and a few diploma courses, admitting a small number of students annually.

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    Findings:

    • The Drugs Enquiry Committee's 1931 report was a pivotal moment, establishing the groundwork for drug and pharmacy legislation and professional development.
    • The entry of Mahadeva Lal Schroff in 1931 marked a significant turning point, initiating efforts to modernize pharmacy practice in India.
    • Post-independence, sustained efforts over five decades have been crucial in transforming pharmacy from a trade-based system to a recognized health profession.

    Implications:

    • The historical trajectory highlights the critical need for robust regulatory frameworks and professional standards in pharmaceutical practice.
    • The development of pharmacy education and practice in India serves as a case study for other developing nations.
    • Modern Indian pharmacy, with its higher professional standing, is a direct outcome of addressing the deficiencies inherited from the colonial era.