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Related Concept Videos

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

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The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form...
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General Structure of a Vertebra01:30

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A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous...
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Spinal Nerves: Anatomy01:23

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Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
There are 31 bilateral pairs of spinal nerves, each emerging from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramina—openings between adjacent vertebrae. These nerves are...
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Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
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Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: Optimizing Dendritic Spine Analysis for Balanced Manual and Automated Assessment in the Hippocampus CA1 Apical Dendrites
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The Degenerative Spine.

Frédéric Clarençon1, Bruno Law-Ye2, Peggy Bienvenot3

  • 1Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France; Paris VI University, Pierre et Marie Curie, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America
|July 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for diagnosing various spinal degenerative diseases causing back pain and radiculopathy. This review details MRI findings for conditions like disc degeneration and spinal stenosis, highlighting its advantages over other imaging methods.

Keywords:
ArthrosisDegenerativeHerniationIntervertebral discMR imagingModicSpine

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Orthopedics
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Spine degenerative diseases are a primary cause of back pain and radiculopathy.
  • These conditions frequently necessitate spine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for diagnosis.
  • Common conditions include disc degeneration, protrusion/herniation, and spinal stenosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the characteristic MR imaging patterns of common degenerative spine diseases.
  • To compare the diagnostic benefits of MR imaging against other modalities like plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans.

Main Methods:

  • Review of MR imaging findings in patients with degenerative spine conditions.
  • Comparative analysis of MR imaging efficacy versus plain radiography and CT scans.

Main Results:

  • MR imaging effectively visualizes disc degeneration, herniation, spinal stenosis, and arthrosis.
  • MR imaging offers superior detail for soft tissues and neural elements compared to radiographs and CT.

Conclusions:

  • MR imaging is the preferred modality for evaluating degenerative spine diseases.
  • Understanding specific MR imaging patterns aids in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.