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Related Concept Videos

Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
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Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

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Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
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Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

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The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
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The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

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The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins
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Rewiring Riboswitches to Create New Genetic Circuits in Bacteria.

C J Robinson1, D Medina-Stacey2, M-C Wu2

  • 1School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.

Methods in Enzymology
|July 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed artificial riboswitches for bacteria by reengineering natural ones. These engineered riboswitches can control gene expression using novel ligands, expanding their use in biotechnology and research.

Keywords:
AptamerExpression platformGene circuitGene regulationMorphologyMotilityRiboswitch

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Microbial Genetics

Background:

  • Riboswitches are RNA regulatory elements controlling gene expression via small-molecule binding.
  • Natural riboswitches often bind endogenous molecules, limiting their synthetic applications.
  • Developing artificial riboswitches for novel ligands is crucial for biotechnology and biosensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present methods for creating artificial riboswitches in bacteria.
  • To engineer riboswitches responsive to orthogonal, non-native ligands.
  • To enable precise control over gene expression for various applications.

Main Methods:

  • Reengineering natural riboswitches by targeted mutagenesis to alter ligand specificity.
  • Developing chimeric riboswitches by fusing orthogonal aptamers with expression platforms.
  • Testing artificial riboswitches in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Main Results:

  • Successfully created artificial riboswitches with altered ligand specificities.
  • Demonstrated the functionality of engineered riboswitches in bacterial systems.
  • Validated methods for controlling both exogenous and native genes.

Conclusions:

  • Developed versatile methods for engineering artificial riboswitches in bacteria.
  • Artificial riboswitches offer new tools for microbial biotechnology and gene regulation.
  • These engineered systems expand the potential of riboswitches for synthetic biology applications.