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Direct Tunneling Delay Time Measurement in an Optical Lattice.

A Fortun1, C Cabrera-Gutiérrez1, G Condon1

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We measured the time for quantum wave packets to tunnel through optical lattices. This quantum tunneling phenomenon resulted in a negative momentum, defying classical physics predictions.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Physics
  • Atomic Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) exhibit quantum phenomena.
  • Optical lattices provide controllable potentials for studying quantum systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the tunneling time of a wave packet through optical lattice barriers.
  • To investigate quantum tunneling dynamics in a BEC.

Main Methods:

  • Adiabatically loading a BEC into a 1D optical lattice.
  • Exciting wave packet micromotion via sudden lattice displacement.
  • Observing wave packet splitting in momentum space.
  • Measuring time delays between reflected and tunneled packets.

Main Results:

  • Direct observation of wave packet splitting at potential barrier turning points.
  • Measurement of tunneling time delays for various initial displacements.
  • Realization of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer using the atomic beam splitter.
  • Observation of a final wave packet with negative momentum, contradicting classical predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The experiment provides direct measurements of quantum tunneling times.
  • The results demonstrate the non-classical behavior of wave packets in optical lattices.
  • The observed negative momentum highlights the limitations of classical physics in describing quantum tunneling.