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Published on: January 12, 2024
Mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy induced by oxidative stress
David Calderón Guzman1, Hugo Juárez Olguín2,3, Ernestina Hernández García2
1a Laboratory of Neurochemistry , National Institute of Pediatrics , Mexico.
Background:
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the main complications in patients with diabetes and has been the leading cause of visual loss since 1990. Oxidative stress is a biological process resulting from excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This process contributes to the development of many diseases and disease complications. ROS interact with various cellular components to induce cell injury. Fortunately, there is an antioxidan t system that protects organisms against ROS. Indeed, when ROS exceed antioxidant capacity, the resulting cell injury can cause diverse physiological and pathological changes that could lead to a disease like DR.
Objective:
This paper reviews the possible mechanisms of common and novel biomarkers involved in the development of DR and explores how these biomarkers could be used to monitor the damage induced by oxidative stress in DR, which is a significant complication in people with diabetes.
Conclusion:
The poor control of glucemy in pacients with DB has been shown contribute to the development of complications in eyes as DR.
Insights
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss linked to diabetes. Oxidative stress plays a key role in DR development, and understanding biomarkers can help monitor this damage.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Endocrinology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes and a leading cause of vision loss.
- Oxidative stress, caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributes to DR pathogenesis.
- An imbalance between ROS production and the body's antioxidant defenses leads to cellular injury and disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review biomarkers involved in diabetic retinopathy development.
- To explore the role of oxidative stress in DR.
- To assess how biomarkers can monitor oxidative stress-induced damage in DR.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of common and novel biomarkers in DR.
- Analysis of the mechanisms linking oxidative stress to DR.
- Evaluation of biomarker utility in monitoring DR progression.
Main Results:
- Oxidative stress is a significant factor in the development of diabetic retinopathy.
- Biomarkers can potentially indicate the level of oxidative stress and cellular damage in DR.
- Understanding these mechanisms aids in managing DR complications.
Conclusions:
- Poor glycemic control in diabetes exacerbates eye complications like DR.
- Biomarkers offer a pathway to monitor oxidative stress-related damage in diabetic patients.
- Further research into biomarkers can improve DR management and patient outcomes.
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