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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

31.8K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
31.8K
Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

17.8K
Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
17.8K
Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

23.1K
It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
23.1K
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

16.2K
Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
16.2K
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

5.3K
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
5.3K
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

14.4K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
14.4K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
13:44

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Coherent perfect absorption in chiral metamaterials.

Yuqian Ye, Darrick Hay, Zhimin Shi

    Optics Letters
    |July 16, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    We achieved 99.5% coherent perfect absorption (CPA) in chiral metamaterials. This breakthrough enables precise control over light polarization using chiral structures for advanced optical applications.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Electromagnetism

    Background:

    • Coherent perfect absorption (CPA) is a phenomenon where incident light is completely absorbed by a material under specific conditions.
    • Chiral structures exhibit unique optical properties due to their non-superimposable mirror images, making them promising for polarization control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analytically derive the CPA condition for transversely isotropic chiral structures.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of achieving high CPA in a practical chiral metamaterial absorber.
    • To explore the potential of CPA chiral structures for polarization state control.

    Main Methods:

    • Analytical derivation of CPA conditions using circular polarization bases.
    • Optimization of a chiral metamaterial absorber design for terahertz frequencies.

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  • Numerical simulations to validate theoretical predictions and absorption efficiency.

    • Main Results:

    • The CPA condition for transversely isotropic chiral structures was analytically derived.
    • A chiral metamaterial absorber achieved a numerical coherent absorption of 99.5%.
    • The optimized structure demonstrated interferometric control of output beam polarization with constant intensity.

    Conclusions:

    • Chiral structures can achieve near-perfect coherent absorption, tunable by input beam phase.
    • Optimized CPA chiral metamaterials offer a novel platform for polarization manipulation in optical systems.
    • This research paves the way for advanced applications in sensing, communication, and optical switching.