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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Problem Solving01:06

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In multiple dimensions, the conservation of momentum applies in each direction independently. Hence, to solve collisions in multiple dimensions, we should write down the momentum conservation in each direction separately. To help understand collisions in multiple dimensions, consider an example.
A small car of mass 1,200 kg traveling east at 60 km/h collides at an intersection with a truck of mass 3,000 kg traveling due north at 40 km/h. The two vehicles are locked together. What is the...
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Updated: Mar 17, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
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An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

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Knee Injuries on the Slopes Remain a Binding Problem.

C Potera

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    |July 17, 2016
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Modern ski bindings reduce broken bones and sprained ankles, but knee injuries remain a significant concern for skiers. Further research is needed to address persistent knee vulnerability in alpine skiing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Sports Medicine
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Skiing is a popular winter sport with inherent risks of lower extremity injuries.
    • Advances in ski binding technology have aimed to mitigate common injuries like fractures and sprains.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the impact of modern ski binding improvements on injury patterns in skiers.
    • To assess the persistent vulnerability of the knee joint despite advancements in equipment.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of injury data from a cohort of skiers over multiple seasons.
    • Comparison of injury rates before and after the widespread adoption of newer binding designs.
    • Categorization of injuries by anatomical location and severity.

    Main Results:

    • A notable decrease in reported cases of broken bones and sprained ankles was observed.
    • The incidence of knee injuries, including anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, did not show a corresponding decline.
    • Knee joint injuries remain a primary concern in contemporary skiing.

    Conclusions:

    • While ski bindings have improved in preventing certain injuries, they have not adequately protected the knee.
    • The biomechanical forces acting on the knee during skiing may require different protective strategies.
    • Future innovations should focus on knee-specific injury prevention in alpine skiing.