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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

2.1K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
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Autoimmunity in 2015.

Carlo Selmi1,2,3

  • 1Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy. carlo.selmi@unimi.it.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|July 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Research on autoimmunity shows a slight decline in publications but highlights significant advancements. Key areas include microbiome, biomarkers, and personalized medicine approaches for autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
EpigeneticsGeneticsImmunogeneticsMicrobiomeMultiple sclerosisPsoriasisPsoriatic arthritisRheumatoid arthritisSystemic lupus erythematosusTh17Tolerance breakdown

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity Research

Background:

  • The number of peer-reviewed articles on autoimmunity slightly decreased in 2015 compared to previous years.
  • Autoimmunity research constituted 5% of all immunology articles published in 2015.

Observation:

  • Leading journals revealed exciting research directions in autoimmunity.
  • Key areas of focus included microbiome studies, novel biomarkers, and understanding disease pathogenesis.
  • Specific autoimmune conditions like psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis show diverging treatment strategies.

Findings:

  • Advances in understanding disease mechanisms and tolerance breakdown are central.
  • Personalized medicine approaches are emerging, integrating immunogenetics, epigenetics, microbiome, and biomarkers.
  • The role of cancer-associated immune mechanisms and specific T and B cell subpopulations in autoimmunity requires further investigation.

Implications:

  • The 2015 literature, despite a publication dip, signifies a strong stimulus for future autoimmunity research.
  • Diverging treatment strategies for specific autoimmune diseases indicate a move towards tailored therapies.
  • Integrating multiple patient-specific factors is crucial for advancing personalized medicine in autoimmunity.