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A Bigger Toolbox: Biotechnology in Biodiversity Conservation.

Richard T Corlett1

  • 1Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.

Trends in Biotechnology
|July 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Genomic tools offer conservation biology advanced methods for biodiversity assessment and adaptation potential. These technologies, including gene editing and de-extinction, provide new solutions for conservation challenges.

Keywords:
ancient DNAde-extinctionenvironmental DNAgenomicsmetabarcodingnext-generation sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Conservation Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biodiversity Assessment

Background:

  • Conservation biology faces unprecedented challenges requiring advanced tools.
  • Declining sequencing costs make powerful genomic approaches more accessible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how novel genomic tools can expand the conservation biology toolbox.
  • To highlight the potential of genomics in addressing current and future conservation issues.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing genomics, including whole-genome sequencing and transcriptomics.
  • Applying metabarcoding for biodiversity assessments.
  • Leveraging low-quality DNA sequencing for diverse sample types.

Main Results:

  • Genomics provides precise genetic insights and new possibilities beyond traditional markers.
  • Metabarcoding offers efficient biodiversity assessments for challenging taxa.
  • Sequencing degraded DNA expands the scope of usable biological materials.
  • Genomic data aids in evaluating population adaptive potential.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic technologies are revolutionizing conservation biology.
  • Future applications may include gene editing for endangered species and gene drives for species management.
  • De-extinction is emerging as a viable conservation prospect.