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Published on: February 19, 2021
Smoking as a risk factor for developing Multiple Sclerosis: A meta-analysis of observational studies
I Backhaus1, A Mannocci2, P H H M Lemmens3
1CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands - Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to improve and update the pool of available studies included in the previous meta-analyses, and to provide further evidence about smoking as a risk factor for MS.
Material And Methods:
PubMed and Scopus searches were undertaken to identify studies investigating the association between cigarette smoking and MS. Odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR) together with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for case-control and cohort studies and prevalence rate for cross sectional.
Results:
33 studies were suitable for the meta-analysis. The summary OR for case control studies (ever versus never) was 1.40 (95% CI, 1.29 to 1.52) and 1.42 (1.26-1.60) for current vs. no-smokers.
Conclusions:
Smoking is associated with MS risk. Research using animal models can help to fully understand the mechanisms behind the association.
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