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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Design Example: Designing Water Slide01:18

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When designing a water slide, controlling the speed of water flow is crucial for rider safety while maintaining an exciting experience. As water flows down the slide, gravity causes it to accelerate, with its speed at the bottom depending on the height from which it starts. The higher the slide, the more potential energy the water has at the top, which is converted into kinetic energy as it descends, increasing its speed.
Bernoulli's principle determines the water's velocity along the slide....
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Work Done Over an Inclined Plane01:11

Work Done Over an Inclined Plane

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The center-of-mass framework helps to easily describe the work done on rigid bodies. Since the internal forces in a rigid body do no work, they can be ignored, and the external forces can be considered in the work-energy theorem.
The work done by gravity to move a rigid body, or the work done by an opposing force to move a rigid body against gravity, can be calculated using the center-of-mass framework. It is the line integral of the force of gravity over the path, considered positive if...
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Ankle Joint01:10

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Problem Solving01:06

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In multiple dimensions, the conservation of momentum applies in each direction independently. Hence, to solve collisions in multiple dimensions, we should write down the momentum conservation in each direction separately. To help understand collisions in multiple dimensions, consider an example.
A small car of mass 1,200 kg traveling east at 60 km/h collides at an intersection with a truck of mass 3,000 kg traveling due north at 40 km/h. The two vehicles are locked together. What is the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation
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Waterskiing's Impact on Knees.

F D Wilson, T L Jackson

    The Physician and Sportsmedicine
    |July 19, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Knee dislocation from water-skiing is rare but serious, sometimes leading to amputation. Noncontact falls cause most severe water-skiing knee injuries, with dislocations being the most severe outcome.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Sports Medicine
    • Traumatology

    Background:

    • Knee dislocation is a rare but severe injury associated with water-skiing.
    • Water-skiing injuries can result in significant morbidity, including vascular damage and amputation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the characteristics and outcomes of knee injuries sustained during water-skiing.
    • To identify the common mechanisms and injury patterns in water-skiing-related knee trauma.

    Main Methods:

    • A case report of a patient with knee fracture-dislocation and subsequent amputation due to vascular damage.
    • A survey of approximately 150 orthopedic surgeons regarding water-skiing-related knee injuries.

    Main Results:

    • The majority of serious water-skiing knee injuries reported by orthopedic surgeons resulted from noncontact falls.

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  • Knee dislocation was the most severe consequence observed.
  • Tibial collateral ligament damage was the most frequent injury recorded.

    • Conclusions:

    • Water-skiing poses a risk for severe knee injuries, including dislocations and associated vascular damage.
    • Noncontact falls are the primary mechanism for serious knee injuries in water-skiing.
    • Awareness and preventative strategies for water-skiing injuries are warranted.