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Related Concept Videos

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

82
Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

72
Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

192
Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

102
Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

74
Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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PLGA Nanoparticles Formed by Single- or Double-emulsion with Vitamin E-TPGS
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Polylactic acid (PLA) controlled delivery carriers for biomedical applications.

Betty Tyler1, David Gullotti1, Antonella Mangraviti1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|July 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a safe, versatile biomaterial approved by the FDA. Its properties enable diverse biomedical applications, from tissue engineering scaffolds to drug delivery systems, advancing clinical translation.

Keywords:
BiocompatibilityIntracranialIntranasalMicelleNanoparticleReconstructiveTheranosticVaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Polylactic acid (PLA) and its copolymers are biocompatible and biodegradable materials with a proven safety record in humans.
  • PLA exhibits tunable mechanical and physical properties, low immunogenicity, and FDA approval for various applications, facilitating clinical translation.
  • PLA's versatility allows fabrication into diverse medical devices, including sutures, scaffolds, and drug delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the extensive biomedical applications of polylactic acid (PLA) and its copolymers.
  • To highlight PLA's utility in tissue engineering and drug delivery systems.
  • To summarize the advancements and potential of PLA in clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies on PLA and its copolymers.
  • Analysis of PLA's properties relevant to biomedical applications.
  • Summary of fabrication techniques, including 3D printing, for PLA-based platforms.

Main Results:

  • PLA is extensively used as temporary extracellular matrices in tissue engineering.
  • PLA-based nanoparticles effectively encapsulate hydrophobic drugs for targeted cancer therapy, reducing systemic toxicity.
  • Three-dimensional printing enhances the fabrication of complex PLA structures for various biomedical uses.

Conclusions:

  • Polylactic acid (PLA) is a highly adaptable biomaterial with significant potential in diverse biomedical fields.
  • Continued research and development in PLA-based technologies promise further advancements in clinical applications.
  • PLA's established safety profile and tunable properties position it as a key material for future medical innovations.