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Related Concept Videos

Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

9.8K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
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Transgenic Plants02:50

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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Reporter Genes02:11

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Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Co-expression of Multiple Chimeric Fluorescent Fusion Proteins in an Efficient Way in Plants
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Combinatorial control of plant gene expression.

Jelena Brkljacic1, Erich Grotewold2

  • 1Center for Applied Plant Sciences (CAPS),The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Gene Regulatory Mechanisms
|July 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Transcription factors form complexes to regulate gene expression, increasing target gene numbers and specificity. Histone modifications further refine this regulation in plants, offering unique solutions compared to other organisms.

Keywords:
Histone markMYBProtein-protein interactionsTranscription factorbHLHcis-regulatory element

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Combinatorial gene regulation allows few transcription factors to control many genes.
  • Transcription factor complexes enhance target gene specificity and affinity.
  • Histone modifications add another layer of regulatory information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review progress in plant combinatorial gene regulation.
  • To provide examples of plant regulatory solutions.
  • To compare plant gene regulation with other metazoans.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of plant gene regulatory mechanisms.
  • Analysis of transcription factor complex formation.
  • Examination of histone modification roles in gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Plant combinatorial gene regulation utilizes complex transcription factor arrangements.
  • Histone modifications expand regulatory capacity in plants.
  • Plants exhibit distinct regulatory solutions compared to metazoans.

Conclusions:

  • Combinatorial gene regulation and histone modifications are crucial for precise gene expression in plants.
  • Understanding these mechanisms offers insights into evolutionary conservation and divergence.
  • This review highlights the complexity of plant gene regulatory networks.