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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

13.6K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Cross-Sectional Research01:50

Cross-Sectional Research

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In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
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Archival Research01:40

Archival Research

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Some researchers gain access to large amounts of data without interacting with a single research participant. Instead, they use existing records to answer various research questions. This type of research approach is known as archival research. Archival research relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships. For example, a researcher might access the academic records of all individuals who enrolled in college within the past ten years and...
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Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

11.3K
Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...
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Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings01:29

Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings

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Other adult family members and siblings play a crucial role in shaping children’s social and emotional development. While parents or primary caregivers are often the central figures in early attachment and socialization, other adults in a child’s life, such as grandparents, aunts, and uncles, can significantly influence developmental outcomes. These influences depend on each adult’s personality and may help compensate when a primary caregiver is emotionally distant or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data
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Conducting longitudinal research with older widows: Exploring personal communities through multiple methods.

Tracy Collins1

  • 1a School of Health Sciences , University of Salford , Salford , Greater Manchester , United Kingdom.

Journal of Women & Aging
|July 19, 2016
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Summary

This study explores social connections for older widows navigating grief. Findings reveal complex and contradictory relationships within their personal networks during this life transition.

Keywords:
Older womenresearch designsocial supportwidowhood

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Sociology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Later-life widowhood represents a significant life transition for older women.
  • Understanding the evolving social networks is crucial for well-being during this period.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the process of social relationship changes in older women experiencing widowhood.
  • To explore the structure and dynamics of personal communities during this transition.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal, multiple-methods study was employed.
  • Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 26 older widows.
  • Personal community diagrams and Christmas card analysis were used to explore social relationships.

Main Results:

  • The study identified diverse and often paradoxical social relationships within personal networks.
  • Analysis revealed the complex nature of social connections during the transition to widowhood.
  • Case examples illustrated the varied experiences of social support and interaction.

Conclusions:

  • Social relationships during widowhood are multifaceted and can present contradictions.
  • The findings highlight the need for nuanced understanding of older widows' social worlds.
  • Qualitative methods effectively captured the complexities of social transitions in later life.