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Related Concept Videos

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Innovation in Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy.

H Barton Grossman1, Donald L Lamm, Ashish M Kamat

  • 1*The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX †BCG Oncology, Phoenix, AZ ‡Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ §University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT ∥Unité d'Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur and INSERM U1223, Paris, France.

Journal of Immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997)
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Bladder cancer research and funding lag behind other cancers, despite its prevalence. Novel immunotherapies show promise for treating both nonmuscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Urologic Oncology

Background:

  • Bladder cancer is a prevalent malignancy that remains understudied compared to breast, prostate, or lung cancers.
  • Despite its high incidence, research funding for bladder cancer, particularly in tumor immunity and novel therapeutics, is disproportionately low.
  • Recent advancements in immunotherapy for other cancers highlight potential new treatment avenues for bladder cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a perspective on the evolution of bladder cancer treatment strategies.
  • To discuss recent advances in treating high-risk nonmuscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer.
  • To explore the potential of immunotherapeutic strategies for bladder cancer, including nonmuscle and muscle invasive forms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on bladder cancer therapy.
  • Analysis of treatment evolution for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
  • Discussion of recent advances in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treatment and their potential application to earlier stages.

Main Results:

  • Checkpoint blockade therapy has shown success, indicating new therapeutic strategies are emerging for bladder cancer.
  • The study reviews evolving treatment paradigms for NMIBC and MIBC.
  • Immunotherapeutic approaches are being explored for their potential to treat and cure bladder cancer patients across different stages.

Conclusions:

  • Bladder cancer requires increased research attention and funding.
  • Immunotherapy represents a promising frontier for bladder cancer treatment, with potential for both NMIBC and MIBC.
  • Translating successes from other malignancies, particularly through immunotherapy, could significantly improve outcomes for bladder cancer patients.