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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Quantum interference in an interfacial superconductor.

Srijit Goswami1, Emre Mulazimoglu1, Ana M R V L Monteiro1

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Summary
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Researchers created the first superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) at the lanthanum aluminate/strontium titanate interface. These devices allow phase-sensitive measurements, advancing the study of oxide superconductors.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • The interface between lanthanum aluminate (LAO) and strontium titanate (STO) hosts a unique two-dimensional superconductor.
  • This oxide superconductor exhibits tunable critical temperature (Tc) with an electric field, forming a dome-shaped phase diagram.
  • Previous studies lacked phase-sensitive measurements, limiting the understanding of the superconducting order parameter.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform phase-sensitive measurements on the LAO/STO interfacial superconductor.
  • To develop novel superconducting circuit elements using electrostatic gating.
  • To investigate the properties of gate-defined superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) at the LAO/STO interface.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of the first superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) at the LAO/STO interface.
  • Development of a new method for creating and controlling Josephson junctions using local gates.
  • Complementary numerical simulations to analyze device behavior.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of robust quantum interference in gate-defined SQUIDs at the LAO/STO interface.
  • Observation of a large, gate-controllable kinetic inductance due to low superfluid density.
  • Successful creation and control of Josephson junctions via electrostatic gating.

Conclusions:

  • Phase-sensitive measurements are now possible at the LAO/STO interface, enabling deeper investigation of its superconducting properties.
  • Gate-defined superconducting circuits offer a new platform for studying oxide interfaces.
  • The findings provide a new pathway to understanding the fundamental nature of superconductivity in complex oxide systems.