Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

1.3K
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
1.3K
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

50.3K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
50.3K
Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

6.3K
Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
6.3K
Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

12.8K
Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
12.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Biomedical applications of biodegradable polycaprolactone-functionalized magnetic iron oxides nanoparticles and their polymer nanocomposites.

Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces·2023
Same author

Standardization of natural mycolic acid antigen composition and production for use in biomarker antibody detection to diagnose active tuberculosis.

Journal of immunological methods·2016
Same author

Griffithsin tandemers: flexible and potent lectin inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus.

Retrovirology·2015
Same author

Isolation and characterization of 2'-F-RNA aptamers against whole HIV-1 subtype C envelope pseudovirus.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2014
Same author

Mechanisms of HIV-1 subtype C resistance to GRFT, CV-N and SVN.

Virology·2013
Same author

UCLA1, a synthetic derivative of a gp120 RNA aptamer, inhibits entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C.

Journal of virology·2012
Same journal

Viral diversity in predatory insects used for biological control: Insights from a multi-country meta-viromic analysis.

Virology·2026
Same journal

Unveiling the hidden virome of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: New tools and discoveries in mycovirus detection.

Virology·2026
Same journal

ASFV pDP238L negatively regulates type I interferon production via inhibiting the methylation of TBK1.

Virology·2026
Same journal

Divergent poxvirus identified in a non-native black rat from Madagascar.

Virology·2026
Same journal

Genomic and functional characterization of Bacillus phage BCE1 targeting a key gut bacterium in Aedes albopictus larvae.

Virology·2026
Same journal

Viral etiology of orogenital papillomatosis and squamous cell carcinoma in bottlenose dolphins in the southeastern United States.

Virology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs
18:46

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs

Published on: December 9, 2010

13.8K

Progress and Perspectives on HIV-1 microbicide development.

Kabamba B Alexandre1, Hazel T Mufhandu1, Grace M London2

  • 1Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pioneering Health Sciences Laboratory, Biosciences Unit, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.

Virology
|July 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing effective HIV-1 microbicides is crucial for women

Keywords:
HIV-1MicrobicidesPreventionSexual transmission

More Related Videos

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

18.5K
Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture
11:14

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Published on: October 12, 2018

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs
18:46

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs

Published on: December 9, 2010

13.8K
Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

18.5K
Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture
11:14

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Published on: October 12, 2018

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Sexual intercourse is the primary mode of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission.
  • Women, especially in developing nations, bear a disproportionate burden of the HIV epidemic due to socio-economic factors and gender-based violence.
  • Existing prevention methods require enhancement, highlighting the need for novel strategies like microbicides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress in the discovery of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) microbicides.
  • To identify promising candidates for HIV-1 prevention in women.
  • To outline future research directions for developing effective and affordable microbicides.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of compounds investigated as potential microbicides.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data and pre-clinical study outcomes.
  • Synthesis of current advancements and challenges in microbicide development.

Main Results:

  • A diverse array of compounds has been evaluated as potential Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) microbicides.
  • Many candidate microbicides have demonstrated efficacy in pre-clinical studies but have not yet proven effective in human trials.
  • Several promising microbicide candidates are currently undergoing advanced pre-clinical and clinical evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Despite setbacks, the development of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) microbicides remains a vital area of research for women's health.
  • Continued investigation into novel compounds and formulations is necessary to achieve effective and accessible HIV-1 prevention.
  • Future research should focus on overcoming challenges observed in clinical trials to bring viable microbicides to market.