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Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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CHOROIDAL THICKNESS IN MULTISYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES WITHOUT OPHTHALMOLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS.

Carla S Ferreira¹, João Beato, Manuel S Falcão

¹*Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal; and †Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)

|July 19, 2016

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The choroid

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Rheumatology
Immunology

Background:

Multisystemic autoimmune diseases can affect various organs.
Ophthalmologic manifestations are known in some autoimmune conditions.
Subclinical choroidal involvement in autoimmune diseases requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate choroidal morphology and thickness in patients with autoimmune diseases.
To compare choroidal characteristics between different autoimmune diseases and healthy controls.
To identify potential subclinical ocular involvement in autoimmune conditions.

Main Methods:

Retrospective cross-sectional study.
Inclusion of 75 patients with autoimmune diseases and 80 healthy controls.
Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging for choroidal thickness measurement.

Main Results:

Lupus patients exhibited significantly thicker subfoveal choroids compared to controls.
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases showed thinner choroids than controls.
No morphologic abnormalities were detected, and results were adjusted for age, spherical equivalent, and steroid dose.

Conclusions:

The choroid may be subclinically affected in autoimmune diseases.
Choroidal response varies depending on the specific autoimmune condition.
Infiltrative mechanisms in lupus may explain the observed choroidal thickening.