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Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of...
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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir: A promising combination.

Aldo Bonaventura1, Fabrizio Montecucco1

  • 1Aldo Bonaventura, Fabrizio Montecucco, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa School of Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, 16132 Genoa, Italy.

World Journal of Hepatology
|July 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New direct antiviral agents (DAAs) offer highly effective Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. Oral regimens combining sofosbuvir and velpatasvir show over 90% sustained virological response in HCV genotypes 2 and 3.

Keywords:
Hepatitis C virusNS5A inhibitorNS5B inhibitorSofosbuvirVelpatasvir

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects 3% globally, causing chronic liver disease and extra-hepatic complications like type 2 diabetes.
  • HCV has 7 genotypes with varying characteristics influencing disease progression and treatment response.
  • Recent advancements include direct antiviral agents (DAAs) targeting viral replication proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of novel oral DAAs for Hepatitis C virus infection.
  • To assess treatment outcomes for specific HCV genotypes using combined antiviral therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Phase 3 clinical trials (ASTRAL-2 and ASTRAL-3) were conducted.
  • The study involved patients aged 18+ with at least 6 months of HCV infection and compensated liver disease.
  • Sofosbuvir (NS5B polymerase inhibitor) and velpatasvir (NS5A inhibitor) were administered as oral regimens.

Main Results:

  • Regimens combining DAAs achieved sustained virological response rates exceeding 90%.
  • Treatment duration was reduced to 12 weeks or less.
  • Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir demonstrated effectiveness, safety, and good tolerability in patients with HCV genotypes 2 and 3.

Conclusions:

  • Oral DAAs, including sofosbuvir and velpatasvir, represent a significant advancement in HCV treatment.
  • These regimens offer a highly effective and well-tolerated option for patients with compensated liver disease across different HCV genotypes.