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Candida albicans Pathogenesis: Fitting within the Host-Microbe Damage Response Framework.

Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk1, Eric F Kong2, Christina Tsui3

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The damage response framework (DRF) redefines microbial virulence based on host immunity. Candida albicans infections exemplify all six DRF classifications, showcasing diverse host-pathogen interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Immunology
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Traditionally, microbial virulence was solely attributed to pathogen attributes.
  • Emerging understanding highlights disease as a complex interplay of pathogen, host, and microbiota.
  • The damage response framework (DRF) conceptualizes virulence as a function of host immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the damage response framework (DRF) using Candida albicans as a model pathogen.
  • To illustrate how Candida albicans infections align with the six DRF classifications.
  • To review available animal models for studying pathogenic mechanisms and host immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Candida albicans pathogenesis and host immune responses.
  • Analysis of diverse Candida albicans infections across different anatomical sites.
  • Categorization of infections within the six DRF classifications based on host immunity.

Main Results:

  • Candida albicans, a commensal fungus, can cause a spectrum of diseases from mucosal to systemic infections.
  • These infections demonstrate microbe-mediated and/or host-mediated damage.
  • Candida albicans infections exemplify all six DRF classifications, contingent on anatomical site and immune status.

Conclusions:

  • The damage response framework (DRF) provides a comprehensive model for understanding virulence.
  • Candida albicans serves as a versatile model to study host-pathogen dynamics within the DRF.
  • Further research using animal models is crucial for elucidating pathogenic mechanisms and host immunity.