Voxel-based morphometry reveals brain gray matter volume changes in successful dieters

Area of Science:

• Neuroimaging
• Obesity Research
• Behavioral Science

Background:

• Obesity is a complex condition influenced by various factors, including brain structure and function.
• Understanding the neural correlates of weight loss (WL) is crucial for developing effective interventions.
• Previous research suggests a link between brain structure and dietary behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate regional brain volume predictors of percent weight loss (WL) in dieters with obesity (DwO).
• To compare brain volume changes between successful (≥7% WL) and unsuccessful dieters (<7% WL).
• To identify brain regions associated with successful weight management.

Main Methods:

• Structural MRI scans were acquired at baseline and 3 months for DwO (n=72) and healthy weight (n=22) participants.
• Voxel-based morphometry (SPM8) was used to measure regional gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter volume.
• Correlations between WL and baseline/change in brain volume, and group differences, were analyzed.

Main Results:

• Positive correlation between %WL and baseline GMV in the right parahippocampal and orbitofrontal gyri in DwO.
• Successful dieters exhibited greater GMV loss in the left precentral gyrus and insula compared to unsuccessful dieters.
• Negative correlation between %WL and GMV change from baseline in left prefrontal regions.

Conclusions:

• Weight loss is associated with volumetric changes in specific brain regions.
• These brain areas are known to be involved in interoception and food motivation.
• Findings highlight the neural underpinnings of successful weight management in individuals with obesity.