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Movement disorders.

A Jon Stoessl1, Martin J Mckeown1

  • 1Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre and Division of Neurology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|July 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced imaging techniques like MRI and PET scans help diagnose movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, by assessing brain function and structure. These methods aid in early detection and monitoring treatment effectiveness.

Keywords:
ChoreaDiffusion tensor imagingDopamine transporterDystoniaFDOPAFunctional connectivityGlucose metabolismHuntington DiseaseMagnetic resonance spectroscopyMultiple system atrophy, Parkinson's diseaseProgressive supranuclear palsyRegional cerebral blood flowVesicular monoamine transporter

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Movement disorders, including parkinsonism, often stem from basal ganglia dysfunction.
  • Standard structural imaging has limited utility due to subtle pathological changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advanced neuroimaging modalities for diagnosing and monitoring movement disorders.
  • To highlight the role of imaging in differentiating Parkinson's disease from atypical parkinsonism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
  • Discussion of functional imaging techniques: functional MRI (fMRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT).
  • Assessment of regional cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, and neuroreceptor status.

Main Results:

  • Advanced MRI can differentiate Parkinson's disease from atypical parkinsonism.
  • Functional imaging (fMRI, PET, SPECT) assesses cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and neurochemistry.
  • Imaging can detect early or preclinical disease and monitor treatment effects.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing complex movement disorders.
  • Functional imaging offers insights into brain activity and pathology in movement disorders.
  • Tailored imaging strategies can improve patient management and therapeutic interventions.