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Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen.

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless liquid that flows around the brain and the spinal cord, playing a vital role in the protection, support, and overall function of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF production, circulation, and absorption are tightly regulated processes essential for the brain and spinal cord to function properly.
CSF Production
CSF is produced mainly in the choroid plexus, a network of capillaries and ependymal cells located within the ventricular system of the brain....

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats

Published on: March 28, 2025

Hydrocephalus in children.

Harold L Rekate¹, Ari M Blitz²

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northshore LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, and The Chiari Institute, Great Neck, NY, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

|July 20, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric hydrocephalus diagnosis relies on understanding its causes and treatments. This review covers imaging techniques, pathophysiology, and proposes clearer nomenclature for obstructive hydrocephalus versus ventriculomegaly.

Keywords:

Cerebrospinal fluid children computed tomography magnetic resonance imaging obstructive hydrocephalus pediatric subarachnoid space ventricles

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Radiology
Neurology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Hydrocephalus in children requires specialized imaging interpretation.
Understanding pathophysiology and treatment is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review imaging modalities for pediatric hydrocephalus.
To discuss pathophysiology and treatment options.
To clarify nomenclature for hydrocephalus diagnosis.

Main Methods:

Review of imaging techniques including tracer-based and cross-sectional methods.
Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT).
Analysis of pathophysiology and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

Cross-sectional imaging, particularly MRI, is preferred for visualizing obstructions.
Two main imaging categories exist: tracer-type and cross-sectional.
Proposed distinction between obstructive hydrocephalus and ventriculomegaly.

Conclusions:

Accurate imaging is vital for managing pediatric hydrocephalus.
Standardized nomenclature is needed for clear communication.
Differentiating obstructive hydrocephalus from ventriculomegaly improves diagnostic accuracy.