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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia
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Joint Laxity and Proprioception in the Knee.

R L Barrack, H B Skinner, M E Brunet

    The Physician and Sportsmedicine
    |July 20, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Professional ballet dancers often have loose knee joints and poorer knee joint position sense compared to healthy individuals. This impaired proprioception may increase their risk of both acute and chronic injuries.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Sports Medicine
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Joint laxity is common in elite athletes.
    • Proprioception, or joint position sense, is crucial for joint stability and injury prevention.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate knee joint laxity and position sense in professional ballet dancers.
    • To compare findings with a healthy, active control group.

    Main Methods:

    • Evaluated 12 professional ballet dancers and 12 age-matched healthy controls.
    • Assessed knee joint laxity using established criteria.
    • Measured knee joint position sense through a passive repositioning test.

    Main Results:

    • All dancers exhibited joint laxity, compared to only one control subject.

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  • Dancers demonstrated significantly worse knee joint position sense than controls (p <.03).
  • Dancers tended to overestimate passive knee joint movements.

    • Conclusions:

    • Professional ballet dancers frequently present with joint laxity and diminished joint position sense.
    • Reduced proprioception may be linked to impaired protective reflexes.
    • This deficit could elevate the risk of acute and chronic knee injuries in dancers.